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98: Cardanal Mezzofanti

Litir do Luchd-ionnsachaidh - Eadar-mheadhanach Adhartach (B2)
Letter to Learners - Upper Intermediate (B2)

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Cardanal Mezzofanti

Gaelic Gàidhlig

’S iomadh duine, a tha ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig, a bu mhath leotha a bhith mar a bha an Cardanal Mezzofanti. Carson? Uill, cha robh a-riamh mòran ann a bha cho math ris-san ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh cànanan. Seo na bh’ aige mus do chuir e crìoch air a’ chùrsa-oilthigh aige: Laideann, Grèigis, Eabhrais, Arabais, Spàinntis, Frangais, Gearmailtis agus Suainis. Sin a bharrachd air Eadailtis.

Rugadh Mezzofanti ann am Bologna ann an seachd ceud deug, trì fichead ’s a ceithir-deug (1774). Bha athair na shaor, agus bha an gille òg air an dearbh rud a dhèanamh ach gun do mhothaich sagart gur e sgoilear air leth a bh’ ann. Rinn e cinnteach gum faigheadh an gille trèanadh airson na sagartachd. Ach chan ann dìreach aig an oilthigh a dh’ionnsaich Mezzofanti na cànanan aige.

Bhiodh e a’ falbh timcheall taighean-òsta Bhologna, a’ coimhead airson coigrich aig an robh cànanan eile. Chuireadh e ceistean orra, a’ sgrìobhadh notaichean agus a’ faighinn leasanan ann an dòighean-labhairt. Saoil an obraicheadh a leithid sin do luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig?!

A bharrachd air a sin, cha robh e diùid. Cha chuireadh duine dheth e. Chumadh e a dol ge b’ oil leotha, mar a dh’fheumas luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig a dhèanamh. Ach bha e fortanach ann an aon dòigh. “Thug Dia cuimhne mhath dhomh,” thuirt e, “agus comas air leth anns na buill-bhodhaig a nì cainnt.”

Fhuair e obair mar àrd-ollamh chànanan aig Oilthigh Bhologna agus bhathar ag aithris ann an ochd ceud deug ’s a fichead (1820) gu robh dà chanan deug ar fhichead aige. Ochd bliadhna as dèidh sin, ghabh e dreuchd mar Chardanal agus ghluais e don Ròimh, far an robh e na phrìomh leabharlannaiche anns a’ Bhatacain. Ann an ochd ceud deug is dà fhichead (1840), sgrìobh sgoilear Gearmailteach gu robh eòlas aige “air a h-uile cànan Eòrpach…”

Bha e a’ ciallachadh cànanan dhen “chiad chlas”, mar a sgrìobh e fhèin, a’ gabhail a-steach feadhainn mar Laideann is Frangais is Beurla, feadhainn dhen “darna clas”, leithid Duitsis, Dànais, Ruiseanais, Pòlainnis, Teiceis, agus cànanan dhen “treas is ceathramh clasaichean”, mar Ghàidhlig na h-Eireann, Cuimris is Albèinianais. Bha comas aige ann an Romànais nam beanntan Alpach, Lapais, Sanscrait, Airmenianais, Sìonais, Etiòipianais is mar sin air adhart.

Chan e dìreach gu robh comas aige anns na cànanan, ach gu robh comas aige bruidhinn ann an diofar dhualchainntean, leis a’ bhlas cheart. Mar eisimpleir, dh’fhaodadh e còmhradh ann am Frangais Pharis agus Frangais Toulouse. Bha e cho math air a’ Bheurla ’s gum b’ urrainn dha innse do Shasannach dè an siorrachd às an robh e.

A bharrachd air na taighean-òsta, bhiodh Mezzofanti tric a’ tadhal air prìosanaich a bhuineadh do dhiofar dhùthchannan, airson an cànanan ionnsachadh, agus airson taic a thoirt dhaibh. Chan e gu bheil mi a’ moladh sin do luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig! Thathar ag radh gun tigeadh fear aig an robh cànan air nach robh an Cardanal eòlach airson aideachadh, agus dh’iarradh Mezzofanti dàil de thrì seachdainean gus am faigheadh e cothrom an cànan ionnsachadh!

Chum e a-mach gu robh e ag ionnsachadh cànanan le bhith ag ionnsachadh gràmair. ’S dòcha nach eil sin ag obair don a h-uile duine, ach dh’obraich e gu math dhàsan. Nuair a fhuair e bàs ann an ochd ceud deug, dà fhichead ’s a naoi (1849), bhathar ag ràdh gu robh suas ri ceithir fichead cànan aige! Cha chuala mi gu robh Gàidhlig na h-Alba aige gu fileanta, ach cò chanadh nach do dh’ionnsaich e sin thairis air deireadh-sheachdain air choreigin nuair nach robh cus aige ri dhèanamh!

Faclan na Litreach: an Cardanal Mezzofanti: Cardinal Mezzofanti; Laideann: Latin; Grèigis: Greek (language). Note that in all the following instances, the ending “is” indicates a language. The equivalent non-linguistic noun or adjective ends in “ch” eg Greek nationality is Greugach; Eabhrais (or Eabhra): Hebrew; Arabais: Arabic; Spàinntis: Spanish; Frangais: French; Gearmailtis:German; Suainis: Swedish; Eadailtis: Italian; còigrich: foreigners; diùid: shy; leabharlannaich:librarian; Bhatacain: Vatican; Duitsis: Dutch; Dànais: Danish; Ruiseanais: Russian; Pòlainnis:Polish; Teiceis: Czech; Albèinianais: Albanian: Ròmanais nam beanntan Alpach: Romansch of the Alps; Lapais: Lapp; Sanscrait: Sanskrit; Airmènianais: Armenian; Sìonais: Chinese; Etiòpianais: Ethiopian; dualchainntean: dialects; siorrachd: county; aideachadh: confession; dàil: delay.

Abairtean na Litreach: bha athair na shaor: his father was a carpenter; bha an gille òg air an dearbh rud a dhèanamh ach gun do mhothaich sagart gur e sgoilear air leth a bh’ ann: the young lad would have done the same thing except that a priest noticed that he was an exceptional scholar; rinn e cinnteach gum faigheadh X trèanadh airson na sagartachd: he made certain X would be trained for the priesthood; chuireadh e ceistean orra:he would ask them questions; saoil an obraicheadh a leithid do X?: do you think the same would work for X?; cha chuireadh duine dheth e: nobody would put him off; comas air leth anns na buill-bhodhaig a nì cainnt: particular ability in the organs which make speech; ghluais e don Ròimh: he moved to Rome; cànanan dhen “chiad chlas”: languages of the “first class”; leis a’ bhlas cheart: with the right accent, mode of speaking; prìosanaich a bhuineadh do dhiofar dhùthchannan: prisoners who belonged to different countries; dh’obraich e gu math dhàsan: it worked well for him; nuair nach robh cus aige ri dhèanamh: when he did not have too much to do.

Puing ghràmair na Litreach: Chumadh e a dol ge b’ oil leotha: he would keep going despite them. Oilmeans vexation, grief, pain, offence, regret, spite. It is used frequently with “le” eg cha b’ oil leam ged a dh’fhalbhadh tu (I wouldn’t be aggrieved even if you left); mas oil leat e, carson nach sguir thu? (if it offends you, why don’t you stop?). Ge b’ oil le X means “in spite of X”. Here are two examples of its use in the idiom which appears in the Litir: Nì mi sin ge b’ oil leis (I will do that regardless of him); tha sinn a’ dol a phòsadh, ge b’ oil leibh (we are going to marry, despite you).

Gnàthas-cainnt na Litreach: Mus do chuir e crìoch air a’ chùrsa-oilthigh aige: before he completed his university course. A’ cur crìoch air X means to finish or complete X.

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